Adherence to dietary guidelines and physical activity associated with lower subcutaneous and visceral adiposity
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Abdominal obesity, as a result of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and/or visceral adipose tissue (VAT) expansion, is more prevalent than general obesity. A total of 2926 Framingham Heart Study participants were examined in order to assess the cross-sectional relationship between lifestyle factors, SAT and VAT. Adherence to 2005 Dietary Guidelines and greater physical activity were inversely associated with SAT and VAT. In men, former smoking was associated with higher SAT when compared with current or never smoking. Both current and former smoking were associated with higher VAT. In women, high amounts of alcohol intake (>7 drinks/week) were associated with lower SAT, whereas VAT was not affected. Men with high amounts of alcohol intake (>14 drinks/week) had higher VAT without significant differences in SAT. In conclusion, dietary quality and physical activity are associated with lower SAT and VAT volume, whereas smoking and high alcohol intake are differentially associated with VAT volumes and their effects modulated by gender dimorphism.
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